Risk assessment of microplastic particles

Microplastic particles are ubiquitous in the environment, from air we breathe to food eat. The key question with respect these is what extent they cause risks for environment and human health. There no risk assessment framework that takes into account multidimensionality of microplastic against background numerous natural particles, which together encompass an infinite combination sizes, shapes, densities chemical signatures. We review current tenets defining characteristics effects, emphasizing advances analysis diversity particles. summarize unique compared those other environmental main mechanisms particle effects relevant dose metrics effects. To characterize consistently, propose how exposure effect thresholds can be aligned quantified using probability density functions describing diversity. a complex contaminant causing great concern society. This Review examines properties discusses methods assessing humans environment.